How Is Waterproofing Measured? GORE-TEX vs. Aquashell Compared

When choosing outdoor gear, understanding waterproofing is key to staying dry and comfortable. Two popular technologies, GORE-TEX and Aquashell, are often found in high-performance jackets, pants, and footwear, especially at Richa. But how is waterproofing measured, and how do these materials stack up? In this guide, we’ll explore the science behind waterproof ratings, compare GORE-TEX and Aquashell, and help you choose the best option for your adventures.

How Is Waterproofing Measured?

Waterproofing in outdoor gear is primarily measured using the hydrostatic head test, a standardized lab method that determines how much water pressure a fabric can withstand before leaking. The test involves placing a fabric sample under a column of water and increasing the pressure until water penetrates. The result is expressed in millimeters (mm) of water, representing the height of the water column the fabric can resist.

Waterproof Rating Benchmarks

• 1,500 mm: Minimum threshold for a fabric to be considered "waterproof" by British standards.
• 5,000–10,000 mm: Suitable for light rain or snow, common in budget-friendly outdoor gear.
• 10,000–20,000 mm: Ideal for moderate to heavy rain, typical for motorcycling, hiking or skiing gear.
• 20,000 mm+: Considered fully waterproof, designed for extreme weather conditions like heavy downpours or storms.

Another key factor is breathability, measured as the Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate (MVTR) in grams per square meter per 24 hours (g/m²/24h). Higher MVTR values indicate better sweat vapor escape, which is crucial for comfort during high-intensity activities. Waterproof fabrics often balance waterproofing and breathability to prevent internal moisture buildup.

Limitations of the Hydrostatic Head Test

While the hydrostatic head test is a useful benchmark, it has limitations. It measures static pressure, not dynamic conditions like rain impact or movement. Real-world factors like seam sealing, zippers, and Durable Water Repellent (DWR) treatments also affect performance. GORE-TEX, for instance, emphasizes real-world testing in simulated rain rooms to ensure durability and practical waterproofing.

What Is GORE-TEX?

GORE-TEX is a premium waterproof-breathable membrane developed by W.L. Gore & Associates. Made from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), it features billions of microscopic pores that block liquid water while allowing water vapor to escape. GORE-TEX is used in 2-layer, 2.5-layer, or 3-layer constructions, often paired with a DWR-treated outer fabric for enhanced water repellency.

GORE-TEX Waterproofing

• Rating: GORE-TEX doesn’t always publish specific hydrostatic head ratings but is estimated to exceed 28,000 mm based on independent tests.
• Key Features:
• Guaranteed to Keep You Dry: Rigorous seam-sealing and rain room testing ensure long-lasting waterproofing.
• Breathability: Typically rated around 15,000–25,000 g/m²/24h, with GORE-TEX Pro offering up to 25,000 g/m²/24h for high-intensity activities.
• Durability: 3-layer GORE-TEX Pro is designed for extreme conditions, with robust fabrics and snag-resistant backers.
• Best For: Motorcycling, hiking, skiing, mountaineering, and all-weather adventures requiring reliable, long-term protection.

GORE-TEX Variants

• GORE-TEX Pro: Most durable and breathable, ideal for extreme conditions.
• GORE-TEX Active: Lightweight, highly breathable for fast-paced activities.
• GORE-TEX Paclite: Ultra-light, less durable, suited for occasional use.
• GORE-TEX INFINIUM: Water-resistant (not fully waterproof), prioritizing breathability for dry, windy conditions.

What Is Aquashell?

Aquashell is a proprietary waterproof-breathable technology developed by Richa, a European motorcycle gear brand. Designed for motorcyclists, Aquashell is a laminated membrane integrated into jackets, pants, and gloves, offering protection against rain and wind while maintaining breathability. It’s often found in gear like the Richa Infinity 2 Adventure Jacket.

Aquashell Waterproofing

• Rating: Aquashell typically achieves a hydrostatic head rating of 10,000–15,000 mm, suitable for moderate to heavy rain. Exact ratings may vary by product.
• Key Features:
• Cost-Effective: Aquashell gear is often more affordable than GORE-TEX equivalents, making it popular among budget-conscious riders.
• Breathability: Estimated at 10,000–15,000 g/m²/24h, sufficient for moderate activity but less advanced than GORE-TEX Pro.
• Motorcycle-Specific Design: Often paired with D3O armor and abrasion-resistant textiles, tailored for riding conditions.
• Best For: Motorcycle touring, urban commuting, and moderate weather conditions.

GORE-TEX vs. Aquashell: Head-to-Head Comparison

Performance in Different Scenarios

• Heavy Rain: GORE-TEX’s higher waterproof rating (>28,000 mm) makes it superior for prolonged, intense downpours. Aquashell’s 10,000–15,000 mm rating handles moderate rain well but may be less reliable in extreme conditions.
• High-Intensity Activities: GORE-TEX Pro’s breathability (up to 25,000 g/m²/24h) outperforms Aquashell, making it better for strenuous activities like mountaineering or fast-paced riding.
• Motorcycle Touring: Aquashell is tailored for motorcyclists, with features like adjustable ventilation (Richa ACS) and armor integration. GORE-TEX is also used in premium motorcycle gear but is more common in general outdoor apparel.
• Budget Considerations: Aquashell offers solid performance at a lower price point, appealing to riders who don’t need extreme weather protection.

Maintenance and Longevity

• GORE-TEX: Requires regular DWR reapplication to maintain water repellency. Its robust construction, especially in 3-layer designs, ensures long-term durability with proper care.
• Aquashell: Also benefits from DWR maintenance. While durable for motorcycle use, its membrane may not match GORE-TEX’s longevity in extreme conditions.

Which Should You Choose?

• Choose GORE-TEX if:
• You need top-tier waterproofing for extreme weather or high-intensity outdoor activities.
• You prioritize breathability and durability for motorcycling extreme touring, hiking, skiing, or mountaineering.
• You’re willing to invest in premium gear for long-term performance.
• Choose Aquashell if:
• You’re a motorcyclist looking for reliable protection in moderate rain and wind.
• You want cost-effective gear with motorcycle-specific features like armor and ventilation.
• You ride in less extreme conditions and prefer a budget-friendly option.

Tips for Maintaining Waterproof Gear

1. Clean Regularly: Follow manufacturer guidelines to remove dirt and sweat, which can clog membranes.
2. Reapply DWR: Use spray-on or wash-in DWR treatments to restore water-beading properties.
3. Check Seams and Zippers: Ensure seam tapes and waterproof zippers remain intact to prevent leaks.
4. Store Properly: Avoid prolonged compression to maintain membrane integrity.

Final Thoughts

Understanding how waterproofing is measured—via the hydrostatic head test and MVTR—helps you make informed gear choices. GORE-TEX sets the gold standard with its superior waterproof rating (~28,000 mm) and breathability, making it ideal for extreme conditions and high-intensity activities. Aquashell, with a 10,000–15,000 mm rating, offers solid performance for motorcyclists at a lower cost, tailored to riding-specific needs. Whether you’re braving alpine storms or commuting through rain, choosing the right technology depends on your activity, budget, and weather expectations.

Explore GORE-TEX and Aquashell gear at trusted retailers like Richa’s official site to find the perfect fit for your next adventure!